See ǵerh₂- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵerh₂- meaning in All languages combined (15.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-e-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरति",
"tr": "járati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरति (járati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरति (járati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵr̥h₂-nó-m (“grain”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵerh₂-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γεραρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γεραρός (gerarós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γεραρός (gerarós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jár̥Hrah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jár̥Hrah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jár̥Hrah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀 (zaᵘrura, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀 (zaᵘrura, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵr̥h₂-yéw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*grāū́s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *grāū́s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *grāū́s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γραῦς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γραῦς (graûs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γραῦς (graûs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*grāwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grua",
"tr": "woman, wife"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grua (woman, wife)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grua (woman, wife)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵ(e)rh₂-yó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γεραιός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γεραιός (geraiós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γεραιός (geraiós), γραῖᾱ (graîā), Γραῖαι (Graîai), Γραῖα (Graîa, “ancient city”), Γραῖος (Graîos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Grāius",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Grāius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Grāius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵr̥h₂-i-ḱó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Γραικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Γραικός (Graikós)\n→ Latin: Graecus (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Γραικός (Graikós)\n→ Latin: Graecus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵērh₂-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γῆρας",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γῆρας (gêras, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γῆρας (gêras, “old age”), γέρας (géras, “gift of honour”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-u-s ~ *ǵr̥h₂-éw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*śërāw'ë-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *śërāw'ë-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *śërāw'ë-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "śrāy"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: śrāy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: śrāy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-mn̥ ~ *ǵr̥h₂-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árHama"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árHama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árHama"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járHama"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járHama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járHama"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (“old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (“old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrmʾn",
"ts": "zarmān"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zrmʾn /zarmān/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zrmʾn /zarmān/), 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫆 (zrmʾnyẖ /zarmānīh/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zlm'n'",
"ts": "zarmān"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlm'n' /zarmān/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlm'n' /zarmān/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árHama"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árHama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árHama"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरिमन्",
"sc": "Deva",
"t": "old age, decrepitude"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरिमन् (jariman, “old age, decrepitude”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरिमन् (jariman, “old age, decrepitude”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γήραμα",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γήραμα (gḗrama, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γήραμα (gḗrama, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *karaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *karaz, *karilaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-wó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járHwáh",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járHwáh (“old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járHwáh (“old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (zaᵘruuā, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (zaᵘruuā, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ʾzr"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫇",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrw",
"ts": "zarw"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫇 (zrw /zarw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫇 (zrw /zarw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrwh",
"ts": "zarw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳 (zrwh /zarw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳 (zrwh /zarw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܙܪܘ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrw",
"ts": "zarw"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܙܪܘ (zrw /zarw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܙܪܘ (zrw /zarw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "зӕруӕ",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: зӕруӕ (zærwæ, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: зӕруӕ (zærwæ, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زړوالۍ",
"t": "old age",
"tr": "zaṛwā́lay"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زړوالۍ (zaṛwā́lay, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زړوالۍ (zaṛwā́lay, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗",
"t": "old age",
"tr": "zrwʾn",
"ts": "zarwān"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗 (zrwʾn /zarwān/, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗 (zrwʾn /zarwān/, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járHtáh",
"t": "old; old age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járHtáh (“old; old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járHtáh (“old; old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀",
"t": "old"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (zar^əta, “old”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (zar^əta, “old”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmn",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫅",
"bor": "1",
"t": "infirm; old age",
"tr": "zrd",
"ts": "zard"
},
"expansion": "→ Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫡𐫅 (zrd /zard/, “infirm; old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫡𐫅 (zrd /zard/, “infirm; old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "زال",
"t": "Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino",
"tr": "zâl"
},
"expansion": "Persian: زال (zâl, “Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: زال (zâl, “Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino”); زر (zar, “old”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"t": "old age; oldwoman"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age; oldwoman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age; oldwoman”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zyrtk",
"ts": "zirt(a)"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐 (zyrtk /zirt(a)/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐 (zyrtk /zirt(a)/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zyrth",
"ts": "zirt(a), zert(a)"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳 (zyrth /zirt(a), zert(a)/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳 (zyrth /zirt(a), zert(a)/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زړه",
"t": "old",
"tr": "zaŗa"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زړه (zaŗa, “old”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زړه (zaŗa, “old”), زوړ (zoŗ, “old”), زاړه (zāṛə́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-is-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járH-ištah",
"t": "oldness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járH-ištah (“oldness”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járH-ištah (“oldness”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زړښت",
"t": "oldness",
"tr": "zaṛǝ́x̌t"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زړښت (zaṛǝ́x̌t, “oldness”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زړښت (zaṛǝ́x̌t, “oldness”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरा",
"t": "old age",
"tr": "jarā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरा (jarā́, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरा (jarā́, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरस्",
"t": "senescence, decay, old age",
"tr": "jarás"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरस् (jarás, “senescence, decay, old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरस् (jarás, “senescence, decay, old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जर",
"t": "becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting",
"tr": "jára"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जर (jára, “becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जर (jára, “becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्रयति",
"t": "to grow old, overpower"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्रयति (jrayati, “to grow old, overpower”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्रयति (jrayati, “to grow old, overpower”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"alt1": "*grāwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grua, grue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grua, grue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ծեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ծեր (cer)\nArmenian: ծեր (cer)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ծեր (cer)\nArmenian: ծեր (cer)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zьrěti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zьrěti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zьrěti > *zrělъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵerh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grow old, to mature"
],
"id": "en-ǵerh₂--ine-pro-root-ib70kdGE",
"links": [
[
"mature",
"mature"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵerh₂-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-e-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरति",
"tr": "járati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरति (járati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरति (járati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵr̥h₂-nó-m (“grain”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵerh₂-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γεραρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γεραρός (gerarós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γεραρός (gerarós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jár̥Hrah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jár̥Hrah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jár̥Hrah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀 (zaᵘrura, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬭𐬀 (zaᵘrura, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵr̥h₂-yéw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*grāū́s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *grāū́s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *grāū́s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γραῦς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γραῦς (graûs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γραῦς (graûs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*grāwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grua",
"tr": "woman, wife"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grua (woman, wife)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grua (woman, wife)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵ(e)rh₂-yó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γεραιός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γεραιός (geraiós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γεραιός (geraiós), γραῖᾱ (graîā), Γραῖαι (Graîai), Γραῖα (Graîa, “ancient city”), Γραῖος (Graîos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Grāius",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Grāius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Grāius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵr̥h₂-i-ḱó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Γραικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: Γραικός (Graikós)\n→ Latin: Graecus (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: Γραικός (Graikós)\n→ Latin: Graecus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵērh₂-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γῆρας",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γῆρας (gêras, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γῆρας (gêras, “old age”), γέρας (géras, “gift of honour”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-ont-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-u-s ~ *ǵr̥h₂-éw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*śërāw'ë-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *śërāw'ë-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *śërāw'ë-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "śrāy"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: śrāy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: śrāy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵérh₂-mn̥ ~ *ǵr̥h₂-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árHama"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árHama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árHama"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járHama"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járHama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járHama"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (“old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (“old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrmʾn",
"ts": "zarmān"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zrmʾn /zarmān/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zrmʾn /zarmān/), 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫆 (zrmʾnyẖ /zarmānīh/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zlm'n'",
"ts": "zarmān"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlm'n' /zarmān/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlm'n' /zarmān/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́árHama"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árHama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árHama"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरिमन्",
"sc": "Deva",
"t": "old age, decrepitude"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरिमन् (jariman, “old age, decrepitude”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरिमन् (jariman, “old age, decrepitude”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γήραμα",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γήραμα (gḗrama, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γήραμα (gḗrama, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*karaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *karaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *karaz, *karilaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-wó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járHwáh",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járHwáh (“old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járHwáh (“old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (zaᵘruuā, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (zaᵘruuā, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ʾzr"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫇",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrw",
"ts": "zarw"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫇 (zrw /zarw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫇 (zrw /zarw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrwh",
"ts": "zarw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳 (zrwh /zarw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳 (zrwh /zarw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܙܪܘ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zrw",
"ts": "zarw"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܙܪܘ (zrw /zarw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܙܪܘ (zrw /zarw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "зӕруӕ",
"t": "old age"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: зӕруӕ (zærwæ, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: зӕруӕ (zærwæ, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زړوالۍ",
"t": "old age",
"tr": "zaṛwā́lay"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زړوالۍ (zaṛwā́lay, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زړوالۍ (zaṛwā́lay, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗",
"t": "old age",
"tr": "zrwʾn",
"ts": "zarwān"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗 (zrwʾn /zarwān/, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗 (zrwʾn /zarwān/, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járHtáh",
"t": "old; old age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járHtáh (“old; old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járHtáh (“old; old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀",
"t": "old"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (zar^əta, “old”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (zar^əta, “old”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmn",
"2": "𐫉𐫡𐫅",
"bor": "1",
"t": "infirm; old age",
"tr": "zrd",
"ts": "zard"
},
"expansion": "→ Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫡𐫅 (zrd /zard/, “infirm; old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫡𐫅 (zrd /zard/, “infirm; old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "زال",
"t": "Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino",
"tr": "zâl"
},
"expansion": "Persian: زال (zâl, “Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: زال (zâl, “Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino”); زر (zar, “old”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"t": "old age; oldwoman"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age; oldwoman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age; oldwoman”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zyrtk",
"ts": "zirt(a)"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐 (zyrtk /zirt(a)/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐 (zyrtk /zirt(a)/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zyrth",
"ts": "zirt(a), zert(a)"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳 (zyrth /zirt(a), zert(a)/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳 (zyrth /zirt(a), zert(a)/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زړه",
"t": "old",
"tr": "zaŗa"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زړه (zaŗa, “old”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زړه (zaŗa, “old”), زوړ (zoŗ, “old”), زاړه (zāṛə́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵorh₂-is-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*járH-ištah",
"t": "oldness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *járH-ištah (“oldness”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *járH-ištah (“oldness”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زړښت",
"t": "oldness",
"tr": "zaṛǝ́x̌t"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زړښت (zaṛǝ́x̌t, “oldness”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زړښت (zaṛǝ́x̌t, “oldness”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरा",
"t": "old age",
"tr": "jarā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरा (jarā́, “old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरा (jarā́, “old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जरस्",
"t": "senescence, decay, old age",
"tr": "jarás"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जरस् (jarás, “senescence, decay, old age”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जरस् (jarás, “senescence, decay, old age”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जर",
"t": "becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting",
"tr": "jára"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जर (jára, “becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जर (jára, “becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्रयति",
"t": "to grow old, overpower"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्रयति (jrayati, “to grow old, overpower”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्रयति (jrayati, “to grow old, overpower”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"alt1": "*grāwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grāwā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: grua, grue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: grua, grue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ծեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ծեր (cer)\nArmenian: ծեր (cer)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ծեր (cer)\nArmenian: ծեր (cer)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zьrěti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zьrěti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zьrěti > *zrělъ (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵerh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Age"
],
"glosses": [
"to grow old, to mature"
],
"links": [
[
"mature",
"mature"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵerh₂-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.